Black Seed Oil, Burleigh Heads, QLD

Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive component of Nigella Sativa, has been found
to exhibit anticancer effects in numerous preclinical studies. Due to its multi targeting
nature, TQ interferes in a wide range of tumorigenic processes and counteracts
carcinogenesis, malignant growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Moreover, TQ can specifically sensitize tumour cells toward conventional cancer treatments (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) and simultaneously minimize
therapy-associated toxic effects in normal cells. In this review, we summarized the
adjuvant potential of TQ as observed in various in vitro and in vivo animal models and
discussed the pharmacological properties of TQ to rationalize its supplementary role in
potentiating the efficacy of standard therapeutic modalities namely surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Altogether, we suggest further
comprehensive evaluation of TQ in preclinical and clinical levels to delineate its
implied utility as a novel complementary adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment.
Introduction
For the last five decades, large-scale “war on cancer” leads to significant progress in the
development of new therapeutic options and more in-depth insights about various
malignancies. Despite the emergence of numerous treatment strategies such as
chemotherapeutic agents, small molecule inhibitors, specific gene, or protein targeting
so-called smart drugs, and immunotherapies that are found to be effective in the
treatment of some form of cancers (e.g., childhood leukaemia, human epidermal
growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer), cancer death rate, in general, has not
changed substantially (only 5% since 1950; Sung et al., 2012). According to Centres for
Disease control and Prevention (CDC), cancer is the second leading cause of death in
US (591, 699 deaths registered in 2015–2016), almost catching up heart diseases
(https://www.

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